(i) Halal – Permissible To Consume
(ii) Not Halal – Impermissible to consume
This list is based on the School of Shafi’i opinion or equivalent.
(i) Halal – Permissible To Consume
- Addax
- Albatross
- Alpaca
- Anglerfish
- Antelope
- Argali
- Barracuda
- Birds without talons
- Bison
- Blackbird
- Budgerigar
- Buffalo
- Bustard (Bird)
- Camels
- Catfish
- Caviar & Sturgeon
- Chicken
- Clam
- Cormorant
- Cow
- Crab (see Mud Crab in Not Halal list)
- Crawfish
- Crayfish
- Crane
- Cricket
- Cuttlefish
- Deer
- Dogfish
- Dove
- Duck
- Eels
- Egret
- Egg Roe
- Eland
- Finch
- Fish (common fish eg. Salmon, Snapper etc)
- Flamingo
- Francolin
- Fresh Water Fish (eg. Talapia etc)
- Gazelle
- Geese
- Gemsbok
- Giraffe
- Goat
- Grasshopper
- Grebe
- Gull
- Hagfish
- Hares
- Heron
- Hoopoe
- Horse
- Ibex
- Ibis
- Kangaroo – If it’s a protected animal species by the government, it is not Halal according to the rule of the land.
- Kingfisher
- Krill
- Lamb
- Llama
- Lobster
- Locust
- Loon
- Mackerel
- Magpie
- Manta ray
- Martlet
- Moorhen
- Moose
- Mussel
- Nightingale
- Octopus
- Oryx
- Ostrich
- Ox
- Oyster
- Parrot
- Partridge
- Peacock
- Pelican
- Penguin
- Petrel
- Pigeon
- Pike
- Puffin
- Quail
- Rabbit
- Reindeer
- Ringdove/ woodpigeon
- Roebuck
- Roller
- Rooster
- Sea urchin
- Scallop
- Shark
- Shearwater
- Sheep
- Shrimp
- Small birds (sparrow, swallow, finch)
- Snipe
- Spoonbill
- Springbok
- Stag
- Starfish
- Starling
- Stingrays
- Sturgeon – If it’s a protected animal species by the government, it is not Halal according to the rule of the land.
- Squid
- Stork
- Swan
- Squirrel – there are two opinions, Halal and haram since squirrel is a vermin.
- Tern/ sea swallow
- Thrush
- Trout
- Turkey
- Turtledove
- Wallaby
- Waterbuck
- White Abalone
- Wildebeest
- Wild range fish
- Wren
- Zebra
Note: For aquatic animal, any form of poison and intoxication has to be removed; and for the land animal, it is subjected to the Halal slaughtering process.
(ii) Not Halal – Impermissible to consume
- Aardvark
- Alligator
- Animals that live underground/ ‘burrow’
- Ant
- Anteater
- Ape
- Armadillo
- Badger
- Barnacle
- Beaver
- Bee
- Beetle
- Bilby
- Birds with talons that use them to hunt
- Black bear
- Butterfly
- Caecilians
- Capybara
- Cat
- Caterpillar
- Centipede
- Chameleon
- Cheetah
- Chimpanzee
- Chinchilla
- Chipmunk
- Cicada
- Coati
- Cockle
- Cockroach
- Cony
- Cougar
- Coyote
- Coypu
- Creepy crawlies – insects – bugs
- Crocodile
- Crow/ all birds that eat beef only
- Dingo
- Dog
- Dolphin
- Donkey
- Dormouse
- Dragonfly
- Dugong
- Eagle
- Earwig
- Elephant
- Ermine
- Falcon
- Fennec
- Flea
- Fly
- Fox
- Frog
- Gecko
- Gerbil
- Gharial
- Glede
- Gopher
- Gorilla
- Grizzly bear
- Groundhog
- Hamster
- Harrier
- Hawk
- Hedgehog
- Hippopotamus
- Hornet
- Hyena
- Iguana
- Jackal
- Jaguar
- Jellyfish – It is Halal if there is a way to remove any substance that is poisonous.
- Jerboa
- Kinkajou
- Kite
- Kitten
- Komodo dragon
- Ladybird
- Leopard
- Lice
- Lion
- Lizard
- Lynx
- Mandrill
- Marten
- Mayfly
- Mice
- Millipede
- Mink
- Mole
- Mongoose
- Monkey
- Mosquito
- Moth
- Mud Crab – see also comments below
- Mule
- Muskrat
- Newt
- Nutria
- Opossum
- Orang-utan
- Owl
- Panther
- Peccary
- Periwinkle
- Pig
- Polar bear
- Porcupine
- Praire dog
- Racoon
- Rat
- Rodents
- Sable
- Salamander
- Sannakji
- Scorpion
- Sea snail
- Sea squirt
- Seal
- Shrew
- Skunk
- Slug
- Snail
- Snake
- Spider
- Sponge
- Stoat
- Stone Crab
- Squirrel – there are two opinions, Halal and haram since squirrel is a vermin.
- Termite
- Tick
- Tiger
- Toad
- Tortoise/ turtle
- Vermin/ pests
- Vole
- Vulture
- Walrus
- Wasp
- Weasel
- Whelk
- Wolf
- Woodlouse
- Worm
References:
- Syakh Yusuf Qardawi’s Reference and Fatwa on Seafood and Others
2. Quran Al-Maidah : 96 – Seafood
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ وَطَعَامُهُ مَتَاعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِلسَّيَّارَةِ ۖ وَحُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَرِّ مَا دُمْتُمْ حُرُمًا ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL
Lawful to you is game from the sea and its food as provision for you and the travellers, but forbidden to you is game from the land as long as you are in the state of ihram. And fear Allah to whom you will be gathered.
YUSUF ALI
Lawful to you is the pursuit of water-game and its use for food,- for the benefit of yourselves and those who travel; but forbidden is the pursuit of land-game;- as long as ye are in the sacred precincts or in pilgrim garb. And fear Allah, to Whom ye shall be gathered back.
3. Quran Al-An’am : 119 – Land Animal
وَمَا لَكُمْ أَلَّا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ فَصَّلَ لَكُم مَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا مَا اضْطُرِرْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ ۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا لَّيُضِلُّونَ بِأَهْوَائِهِم بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُعْتَدِينَ
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL
And why should you not eat of that upon which the name of Allah has been mentioned while He has explained in detail to you what He has forbidden you, excepting that to which you are compelled. And indeed do many lead [others] astray through their [own] inclinations without knowledge. Indeed, your Lord – He is most knowing of the transgressors.
4. Consensus of Scholars
Majority of the scholars (al-rajih `inda al-jumhur) is that in our Religion “the default in things is permissibility” (al-aslu fil-ashya’ al-ibaha) until proven haram.
Comments
Krill , mud crab, cockle ,sea snail ?? Are you sure ,
Yes, based on Shafie school.
What about horse?
It is not mentioned in both lists.
It is updated. Thank you for the suggestion.
Mud crab living on the land is not permissible, the rest is fine according to Shafie school.
Greeting of Peace be upon all, kindly classify mud crabs that are categorized haram, because mud crabs grown in the pond are also mud crabs.please if possible the pictures. Sukran.
In this document showed a mud crab with a flipper leg – which is Halal https://www.fish.wa.gov.au/Documents/recreational_fishing/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_mud_crab.pdf
the one without a flipper leg – living on the land-only is Haram based on the basic behaviour that it will eat filthy things.
Asalamualaykum my husband and I get in to these petty arguments about crab I know he says it is haram I say it is halal actually he is a Pathan from Pakistan I am German however he did bring me some king crab legs one day as a surprise and I really enjoyed it tremendously I said if crab was haram it would not come in to our house period besides he knows how much I love crab and I will show him this inshallah
Hi Benazir. Waalaikumsalam. Crab is makruh for Hanafi school. Other schools of thought would be permissible. However, crab, which is dirty and spends more time on the land, in some interpretation, is Haram. To distinguish it, look at the crab legs. Usually, a crab that has flipper legs would be fine.
Greeting of Peace be upon all, kindly classify mud crabs that are categorized haram, because mud crabs grown in the pond are also mud crabs.please if possible the pictures. Sukran.
The mud crabs that are Haram has no flippers shape on their legs. Any crabs with flippers leg are Halal as it spends more time in the water. Water is a property that cleanses whatever under the sea and its ecosystem. However, for poisonous marine, as long that poison can be removed, it can be consumed.
why jellyfish is haram?
It is Halal if there is a way to remove any substance that is poisonous.
Why krill is haram? Pls advise. Tq in advance.
No. It is Halal according to Shafi’i. Most seafood is Halal according to Shafi’i except those poisonous sea creatures that the poison is non-removable.
grasshopper is halal. from hadist shahih At Tirmizi and HR. Ahmad ..
Why sea squirt is also haram to eat?
According to Shafi’i, it is Halal
Why has horse been made halal but donkey and mule not permissible
Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet saw prohibited the eating of donkey’s meat.
how is krill haram?
my mistake. It was corrected earlier. Initial list was Hanafi school. Krill is accepted in Syafi’i.
Is porcupine haram ? And why ?
The land animal that has sharp teeth, canines, claws and others considered as Haram. Their digestive system is also different. Also, slaughtering is required for any animal where the name of God being recited. Even porcupine does not have sharp element it still doesn’t fall in the category where it can be slaughtered properly.
Squirrel is family of rabbits and it’s meat is eatable
The scholars differed in opinion with regard to the permissibility of eating a squirrel; the majority of them are of the view that it is permissible to eat it. However, some other scholars are of the view that it is forbidden to eat it because it eats with its canine teeth; this is the view of the Hanafi school, and the view of some scholars of the Shaafi’ee and Hanbali schools, whereas the Maaliki school is of the view that it is disliked.
To conclude, the most preponderant opinion is that it is permissible to eat a squirrel according to An-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy upon him) from the Shaafi’ee school, Ibn Qudaamah and Al-Mardaawi (may Allah have mercy upon them) from the Hanbali school, and Khaleel (may Allah have mercy upon him) from the Maaliki school.
Allah Knows best.
Source https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/92058/eating-squirrel-meat
but squirrel is a rodent and rodents are always haram. also was peacock in the halal list?
The list was originated from Hanafi scholars. I agreed that squirrel is a vermin. Thank you for the feedback.